The Class

Lesson 8
Escape

Part I: Remembering my Last Escape

Answer the following questions (Think about it)
1) W hat does the word "Escape" refers to you?
2) Can you describe your last "Escape"?
3) How was it?

Part II: Escape yourself

* Work in pairs, or alone if it is the case and try to create a text about a "Dream Escape" to any place (add as much vocabulary as you can)

Part III: Matching

* Match the questions given above in numbers with the correct answers in letters.
1) Do you remember the last time you escaped to the beach?
2) How was your last date?
3) Are you planning to go to the beach on vacation?
4) Who was with you in your last trip to the beach?
5) Was the weather fine the last time you went to Merida?
6) What do you enjoy the most during a trip?

A) Not really, who knows.
B) Oh yes! It was very nice, when we arrived there we...
C) MMMM, my dad and my mom.
D) It was the closest to hell I can remember
E) Well, several things, but what I enjoy the most is sleeping.
F) Yes, the air was fresh, the sun wasn't that...



Part IV: Language Reference1: Reporting Verbs

In grammar definitions, you will find a summary of basic reported speech. This most commonly involves using the verbs say, tell and ask, as well as changes of verb tenses, times, places and pronouns, but a native speaker of English, however, will often use reporting verbs other than just say, tell and ask.

Eg: He refused to tell the truth to the police
He complained about the new prices.

This is a complete list of reporting verbs and their correct grammar use:
1. Verbs followed by 'if' or 'whether' + clause:
ask, know, remember, say, see

2. Verbs followed by a that-clause:

add,admit,agree,announce,answer,argue,boas,tclaim,comment,complain,confirm,consider,deny,
doubt,estimate,explain,fear,feelin,observe,persuade,propose,remark,remember,repeat,
reply,report,reveal,say,state,suggest,suppose,tell,think,understand,warn,
3. Verbs followed by either a that-clause or a to-infinitive:
decideexpectguaranteehope
promiseswearthreaten



4. Verbs followed by a that-clause containing should (but note that it may be omitted, leaving a subject + zero-infinitive):
advisebegdemand
insistpreferpropose
recommendrequestsuggest
5. Verbs followed by a clause starting with a question word:
decidedescribediscoverdiscussexplainforgetguess
imagineknowlearnrealiserememberrevealsay
seesuggest teachtellthinkunderstandwonder

6. Verbs followed by object + to-infinitive
adviseaskbegcommand
forbidinstructinvite
teachtellwarn
*) Exercise: Read the following text from Lou Gehrig speech, a famous baseball player and select three sentences and report them using the reporting verbs.
Fans, for the past two weeks you have been reading about a bad break I got. Yet today I consider myself the luckiest man on the face of the earth. I have been in ballparks for seventeen years and have never received anything but kindness and encouragement from you fans.
Look at these grand men. Which of you wouldn't consider it the highlight of his career to associate with them for even one day?
Sure, I'm lucky. Who wouldn't consider it an honor to have known Jacob Ruppert - also the builder of baseball's greatest empire, Ed Barrow - to have spent the next nine years with that wonderful little fellow Miller Huggins - then to have spent the next nine years with that outstanding leader, that smart student of psychology - the best manager in baseball today, Joe McCarthy!
Sure, I'm lucky. When the New York Giants, a team you would give your right arm to beat, and vice versa, sends you a gift, that's something! When everybody down to the groundskeepers and those boys in white coats remember you with trophies, that's something.
When you have a wonderful mother-in-law who takes sides with you in squabbles against her own daughter, that's something. When you have a father and mother who work all their lives so that you can have an education and build your body, it's a blessing! When you have a wife who has been a tower of strength and shown more courage than you dreamed existed, that's the finest I know.
So I close in saying that I might have had a tough break - but I have an awful lot to live for!
Lou Gehrig - July 4, 1939

Part V: Language reference II: Adjective and modifiers:

An adjective can be modify by and adverb, or by a phrase or clause functioning as an adverb.
Sufixes
Suffixes are groups of letters attached to the ends of roots, words, and word groups. Suffixes serve a grammatical function. A suffix can indicate what part of speech (noun, verb, adjective, and adverb) to which the word belongs. Suffixes can also modify and extend meaning. The following suffixes are grouped beneath the grammatical function they perform.
Suffix
used to make
meaning
example
-able, -ible, -ble
adjectives
possible to
acceptable, noticable, convertible, divisible, irresistible
-age
nouns
a process or state
shortage, storage
-al
adjectives
connected with
experimental, accidental, environmental
-ance, -ancy,
nouns
an action, process or state
appearance, performance, pregnancy, constancy
-ant, -ent
nouns
a person who does it
assistant, immigrant, student
-ation
nouns
a state or action
examination, imagination, organization
-ee
nouns
a person to whom something is done
employee, trainee
-en
verbs
to give something a particular quality, to make something more
to strengthen
-ence, -ency,
nouns
an action, process or state
coincidence, patience, potency, presidency
-er
nouns
a person who does something
rider, painter, baker, builder, teacher
-ese
adjectives
from a place
Japanese, Chinese, Viennese
-ess
nouns
a woman who does somthing as a job
waitress, actress
-ful
adjectives
having a particular quality
beautiful, helpful, useful, thankful
-hood
nouns
a state, often during a particular period of time
childhood, motherhood
-ian
nouns
a person who does something as a job or hobby
historian, comedian, politician
-ical
adjectives from nouns ending -y or -ics
connected with
economical, mathematical, physical
-ify
verbs
to produce a state or quality
beautify, simplify, purify
-ish
adjectives
1.describing nationality or language
English, Swedish, Polish
2.like something
babyish, foolish
3.rather, quite
longish, youngish, brownish
-ist
nouns
1.a person who has studied something or does something as a job
scientist, typist
2.a person who believes in something or belongs to a particular group
capitalist, pacifist, feminist
-ion
nouns
a state or process
action, connection, exhibition
-ive
adjectives
to be able to, having a particular quality
active, effective
-ize, -ise
verbs
actions producing a particular state
to magnetize, to generalize, to modernise, to standardise
-less
adjectives
not having something
hopeless, friendless
-like
adjectives
similar to
childlike
-ly
adverbs
in a particular way
badly, beautifully, completely
-ment
nouns
a state, action or quality
development, arrangement, excitement, achievement
-ness
nouns
a state or quality
kindness, sadness, happiness, weakness
-ology
nouns
the study of a subject
biology, psychology, zoology
-or
nouns
a person who does something, often as a job
actor, conductor, sailor
-ous
adjectives
having a particular quality
dangerous, generous, religous
-ship
nouns
showing status
membership, citizenship, friendship
-wards
adverbs
in a particular direction
backwards, upwards
-wise
adverbs
in a particular way
anticlockwise
-y
adjectives
having the quality of the thing metioned
cloudy, rainy, fatty, thirsty, greeny

















Preffixes:
A prefix is a group of letters placed at the start of a root word to change its meaning. Some complicated wordsare less difficult to spell if you are familiar withprefixes. Here are some common examples in the following list:
PREFIX
MEANING
EXAMPLES
anti-
against or opposite to
anticlockwise, antibiotic
auto-
self
autobiography, automat
dis-
not, or away
dissimilar, disconnect
in-
not
insane, inhuman
il-
not
illogical, illegal
im-
not
immature, improbable
ir-
not
irrelevant, irregular
inter-
between
international, intermarry
mis-
wrong
misunderstand, misspell
post-
after
postnatal, postscript
pre-
before
prenatal, prehistoric
pro-
for, or forward
propose, pro-British
re-
again, or back
rewrite, reconsider
sub-
under
submarine, substandard
super-
above
supervisor, superhuman


*) Exercise: Read the following text from “The Background History of The Niagara Falls”, a good place to visit, ans select some adjectives with suffixes and preffixes and create new senetences with them.

The name "Niagara" is said to originate from an Iroquois word "Onguiaahra" meaning "The Strait." The region's original inhabitants were the Ongiara, an Iroquois tribe named the Neutrals by French settlers, who found them helpful in mediating disputes with other tribes.
Native American legend tells of Lelawala, a beautiful maid betrothed by her father to a brave she despised. Rather than marry, Lelawala chose to sacrifice herself to her true love He-No, the Thunder God, who dwelt in a cave behind the Horseshoe Falls. She paddled her canoe into the swift current of the Niagara River and was swept over the brink. He-No caught her as she plummeted, and together their spirits are said to live forever in the Thunder God's sanctuary behind the Falls.
Some controversy exists over which European first gave a written, eyewitness description of the Falls. The area was visited by Samuel de Champlain as early as 1604. Members of his party reported to him on the spectacular waterfalls, which he wrote of in his journals but may never have actually visited. Some credit Finnish-Swedish naturalist Pehr Kalm with the original firsthand description, penned during an expedition to the area early in the 18th century. Most historians however agree that Father Louis Hennepin observed and described the Falls much earlier, in 1677, after traveling in the region with explorer René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle, thus bringing them to the world's attention. Hennepin also first described the Saint Anthony Falls in Minnesota. His subsequently discredited claim that he also traveled the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico cast some doubt on the validity of his writings and sketches of Niagara Falls. Hennepin County in Minnesota was named after Father Louis Hennepin.
There is credible evidence, however, that Reverend Paul Ragueneau (1608–1680) visited the falls prior to Hennepin's claim. Ragueneau was a French Jesuit who was working among the Huron natives in Canada. Born in Paris, Father Ragueneau entered the Society of Jesus about 1626 at the age of 18 and wrote more about his work than any other Jesuit in Canada. Ragueneau described the natural wonder in his writings some 35 years before Hennepin's visit.
During the 19th century tourism became popular, and it was the area's main industry by mid-century. Napoleon Bonaparte's brother Jérôme visited with his bride in the early 19th century.[5] Demand for passage over the Niagara River led in 1848 to the building of a footbridge and then Charles Ellet's Niagara Suspension Bridge. This was supplanted by German-born John Augustus Roebling's Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge in 1855. After the American Civil War, the New York Central railroad publicized Niagara Falls as a focus of pleasure and honeymoon visits. With increased railroad traffic, in 1886 Leffert Buck replaced Roebling's wood and stone bridge with the predominantly steel bridge that still carries trains over the Niagara River today. The first steel archway bridge near the Falls was completed in 1897. Known today as the Whirlpool Rapids Bridge, it carries vehicles, trains, and pedestrians between Canada and the U.S. just below the Falls. In 1941 the Niagara Falls Bridge Commission completed the third current crossing in the immediate area of Niagara Falls with the Rainbow Bridge, carrying both pedestrian and vehicular traffic.
Especially after World War I, tourism boomed again as automobiles made getting to the Falls much easier. The story of Niagara Falls in the 20th century is largely that of efforts to harness the energy of the Falls for hydroelectric power and to control the rampant development on both the American and Canadian sides which threatened the area's natural beauty.
Part VII: The End of the Escape
*) Write about five countries you would like to visit and make questions and answers like the one in exercise one.


Note: The Current Class have modified from his original version in order to be adapted to this blog. Pictures, links and vocabulary as well as other exercises would be found in the other parts of the main menu of the blog

BRIANTH ARIAS AND FRANCISCO SOLORZANO